Performance Drift in Machine Learning Models for Cardiac Surgery Risk Prediction: Retrospective Analysis

Tim Dong   ¹ , MSc ;   Shubhra Sinha   ¹ , MBBS ;   Ben Zhai   ² , PhD ;   Daniel Fudulu   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Jeremy Chan   ¹ , MD ;   Pradeep Narayan   ³ , MD ;   Andy Judge   ¹ , PhD ;   Massimo Caputo   ¹ , MD ;   Arnaldo Dimagli   ¹ , MD ;   Umberto Benedetto   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Gianni D Angelini   ¹ , MD

¹ Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

² School of Computing Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

³ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, West Bengal, India